FRS 105 ROI Sample Output

Accounting policies

Accounting convention: These financial statements have been prepared in accordance with FRS 105 'The Financial Reporting Standard applicable to the Micro-Entities Regime' and the requirements of the Companies Act 2014. The financial statements are prepared in euros, which is the functional currency of the company. Monetary amounts in these financial statements are rounded to the nearest €. The financial statements have been prepared under the historical cost convention. The principal accounting policies adopted are set out below. These financial statements for the year ended 31 December 2016 are the first financial statements of CCH ROI 105 Limited prepared in accordance with FRS 105 'The Financial Reporting Standard applicable to the Micro-Entities Regime'. The date of transition to FRS 105 was 1 January 2015.
Going concern: At the time of approving the financial statements, the directors have a reasonable expectation that the company has adequate resources to continue in operational existence for the foreseeable future. Thus the directors continue to adopt the going concern basis of accounting in preparing the financial statements.
Turnover: Turnover is recognised at the fair value of the consideration received or receivable for goods and services provided in the normal course of business, and is shown net of VAT and other sales related taxes. The fair value of consideration takes into account trade discounts, settlement discounts and volume rebates. When cash inflows are deferred and represent a financing arrangement, the fair value of the consideration is the present value of the future receipts. The difference between the fair value of the consideration and the nominal amount received is recognised as interest income.
Revenue from the sale of goods is recognised when the significant risks and rewards of ownership of the goods have passed to the buyer (usually on dispatch of the goods), the amount of revenue can be measured reliably, it is probable that the economic benefits associated with the transaction will flow to the entity and the costs incurred or to be incurred in respect of the transaction can be measured reliably. Revenue from contracts for the provision of professional services is recognised by reference to the stage of completion when the stage of completion, costs incurred and costs to complete can be estimated reliably. The stage of completion is calculated by comparing costs incurred, mainly in relation to contractual
hourly staff rates and materials, as a proportion of total costs. Where the outcome cannot be estimated reliably, revenue is recognised only to the extent of the expenses recognised that are recoverable.
Research and development expenditure: Research and development expenditure is expensed to profit or loss in the period in which it is incurred.
Intangible fixed assets - goodwill: Goodwill represents the excess of the cost of acquisition of unincorporated businesses over the fair value of net assets acquired. It is initially recognised as an asset at cost and is subsequently measured at cost less accumulated amortisation and accumulated impairment losses. Goodwill is considered to have a finite useful life and is amortised on a systematic basis over its expected life, which is [XXXX].
For the purposes of impairment testing, goodwill is allocated to the cash-generating units expected to benefit from the acquisition. Cash-generating units to which goodwill has been allocated are tested for impairment at least annually, or more frequently when there is an indication that the unit may be impaired.
If the recoverable amount of the cash-generating unit is less than the carrying amount of the unit, the impairment loss is allocated first to reduce the carrying amount of any goodwill allocated to the unit and then to the other assets of the unit pro-rata on the basis of the carrying amount of each asset in the unit.
Intangible fixed assets other than goodwill: Intangible assets acquired separately from a business are recognised at cost and are subsequently
measured at cost less accumulated amortisation and accumulated impairment losses. Intangible assets acquired on business combinations are not recognised separately from goodwill. Amortisation is recognised so as to write off the cost of assets less their residual values over their useful lives on the following bases:

Tangible fixed assets: Tangible fixed assets are initially measured at cost and subsequently measured at cost net of depreciation and any impairment losses.
Depreciation is recognised so as to write off the cost or valuation of assets less their residual values over
their useful lives on the following bases:
 

The gain or loss arising on the disposal of an asset is determined as the difference between the sale
proceeds and the carrying value of the asset, and is credited or charged to profit or loss.
Investment properties: Investment property, which is property held to earn rentals and/or for capital appreciation, is initially recognised at cost, which includes the purchase cost and any directly attributable expenditure. Subsequently it is measured at cost net of depreciation and any impairment losses.
Fixed asset investments: Interests in subsidiaries, associates, jointly controlled entities and other fixed asset investments are initially measured at cost and subsequently measured at cost less any accumulated impairment losses. The investments are assessed for impairment at each reporting date and any impairment losses or reversals of impairment losses are recognised immediately in profit or loss. A subsidiary is an entity controlled by the company. Control is the power to govern the financial and operating policies of the entity so as to obtain benefits from its activities. An associate is an entity, being neither a subsidiary nor a joint venture, in which the company holds a long term interest and where the company has significant influence. The company considers that it has significant influence where it has the power to participate in the financial and operating decisions of the associate. Entities in which the company has a long term interest and shares control under a contractual arrangement are classified as jointly controlled entities.
Borrowing costs related to fixed assets: Borrowing costs directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of qualifying assets, which are assets that necessarily take a substantial period of time to get ready for their intended use or sale, are added to the cost of those assets, until such time as the assets are substantially ready for their intended use or sale. All other borrowing costs are recognised in profit or loss in the period in which they are incurred.
Impairment of fixed assets: At each reporting period end date, the company reviews the carrying amounts of its tangible and intangible assets to determine whether there is any indication that those assets have suffered an impairment loss. If any such indication exists, the recoverable amount of the asset is estimated in order to determine the extent of the impairment loss (if any). Where it is not possible to estimate the recoverable amount of an individual asset, the company estimates the recoverable amount of the cash-generating unit to which the asset belongs. Where a reasonable and consistent basis of allocation can be identified, assets are allocated to individual cash-generating units, or otherwise they are allocated to the smallest group of cash-generating units for which a reasonable and consistent allocation basis can be identified.
Recoverable amount is the higher of fair value less costs to sell and value in use. In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset for which the estimates of future cash flows have not been adjusted. If the recoverable amount of an asset (or cash-generating unit) is estimated to be less than its carrying amount, the carrying amount of the asset (or cash-generating unit) is reduced to its recoverable amount.
An impairment loss is recognised immediately in profit or loss, unless the relevant asset is carried at a revalued amount, in which case the impairment loss is treated as a revaluation decrease.
Recognised impairment losses are reversed if, and only if, the reasons for the impairment loss have ceased to apply. Where an impairment loss subsequently reverses, the carrying amount of the asset (or cash-generating unit) is increased to the revised estimate of its recoverable amount, but so that the increased carrying amount does not exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined had no impairment loss been recognised for the asset (or cash-generating unit) in prior years. A reversal of an impairment loss is recognised immediately in profit or loss, unless the relevant asset is carried at a revalued amount, in which case the reversal of the impairment loss is treated as a revaluation increase.
Stocks: Stocks are stated at the lower of cost and estimated selling price less costs to complete and sell. Cost comprises direct materials and, where applicable, direct labour costs and those overheads that have been incurred in bringing the stocks to their present location and condition. Stocks held for distribution at no or nominal consideration are measured at the lower of replacement cost and cost, adjusted where applicable for any loss of service potential. Cost is calculated using the weighted average method. At each reporting date, an assessment is made for impairment. Any excess of the carrying amount of stocks over its estimated selling price less costs to complete and sell is recognised as an impairment loss in profit or loss. Reversals of impairment losses are also recognised in profit or loss.
Construction contracts: Where the outcome of a construction contract can be estimated reliably, revenue and costs are recognised by reference to the stage of completion of the contract activity at the reporting end date. Variations in contract work, claims and incentive payments are included to the extent that the amount can be measured reliably and its receipt is considered probable. When it is probable that total contract costs will exceed total contract turnover, the expected loss is recognised as an expense immediately. Where the outcome of a construction contract cannot be estimated reliably, contract costs are recognised as expenses in the period in which they are incurred and contract revenue is recognised to the extent of contract costs incurred where it is probable that they will be recoverable.
The “percentage of completion method” is used to determine the appropriate amount to recognise in a given period. The stage of completion is measured by the proportion of contract costs incurred for work performed to date compared to the estimated total contract costs. Costs incurred in the year in connection with future activity on a contract are excluded from contract costs in determining the stage of completion. These costs are presented as stocks, prepayments or other assets depending on their nature, and provided it is probable they will be recovered. Bank interest accruing on capital borrowed to fund the production of long term contracts is carried forward within long term contract balances.
Cash and cash equivalents: Cash and cash equivalents are basic financial assets and include cash in hand, deposits held at call with banks, other short-term liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less, and bank overdrafts. Bank overdrafts are shown within borrowings in current liabilities.
Financial instruments: Financial assets and liabilities are recognised only when the company becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instrument. They are recognised initially at cost, which is measured at the transaction price including material transaction costs. Financial assets and liabilities are offset when the company currently has a legally enforceable right to set off the recognised amounts and intends either to settle on a net basis, or to realise the asset and settle the liability simultaneously. Transaction costs not immediately recognised in profit or loss are recognised in profit or loss on a straightline basis over the term of the contract. For transactions where settlement is deferred beyond normal credit terms, total interest income or expense is allocated on a straightline basis over the term of the contract. Otherwise, it is allocated at a constant rate (normally the contractual rate of interest) on the carrying amount of the financial asset or liability excluding transaction costs not yet recognised in profit or loss. Investments in preference shares or ordinary shares and investments in subsidiaries and associates and
interests in jointly controlled entities are subsequently measured at cost less impairment. Derivatives are subsequently measured at cost adjusted for amounts recognised in profit or loss over the term of the instruments and any impairment loss. Other financial instruments are subsequently measured at cost adjusted for the allocation of interest, the amortisation of any transaction costs included in the cost of the instruments and any impairment loss.
Impairment
Financial assets are assessed for indicators of impairment at each reporting end date and any impairment loss is recognised in profit or loss. If in a subsequent period the amount of an impairment loss decreases and the decrease can be related to an event occurring after the impairment was recognised, the impairment is reversed to the extent of this decrease, and is recognised in profit or loss. Financial assets are considered to be impaired where there is objective evidence that, as a result of one or more events that occurred after the initial recognition of the financial asset, the expected future cash flows have been materially affected. The impairment loss is calculated as the difference between the carrying amount of the asset and its fair value. For investments, fair value is calculated as the best estimate of the asset’s selling price less costs. For other assets apart from derivatives, fair value is calculated as the present value of the estimated net cash flows.
Derecognition
Financial assets are de-recognised only when the contractual rights to the cash flows from the asset expire or are settled, or when the company transfers the financial asset and substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership to another entity, or if some significant risks and rewards of ownership are retained but control of the asset has transferred to another party that is able to sell the asset in its entirety to an unrelated third party. Financial liabilities are de-recognised when the company’s contractual obligations expire or are discharged or cancelled. Any gain or loss on de-recognition is included in profit or loss.
Compound instruments: The component parts of compound instruments issued by the company are classified separately as financial liabilities and equity in accordance with the substance of the contractual arrangement. At the date of issue, the fair value of the liability component is estimated using the prevailing market interest rate for a similar non-convertible instrument. This amount is recorded as a liability on an amortised cost basis using the effective interest method until extinguished upon conversion or at the instrument's maturity date. The equity component is determined by deducting the amount of the liability component from the fair value of the compound instrument as a whole. This is recognised and included in equity net of income tax effects and is not subsequently remeasured.
Equity instruments: Equity instruments issued by the company are recorded at the proceeds received, net of direct issue costs. Dividends payable on equity instruments are recognised as liabilities once they are no longer at the discretion of the company.
Taxation: The tax currently payable is based on taxable profit for the year. Taxable profit differs from net profit as reported in the profit and loss account because it excludes items of income or expense that are taxable or deductible in other years and it further excludes items that are never taxable or deductible. The company’s liability for current tax is calculated using tax rates that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the reporting end date.
Provisions: Provisions are recognised when the company has a legal or constructive present obligation as a result of a past event, it is probable that the company will be required to settle that obligation and a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of the obligation. The amount recognised as a provision is the best estimate of the consideration required to settle the
present obligation at the reporting end date, taking into account the risks and uncertainties surrounding the obligation. Where the effect of the time value of money is material, the amount expected to be required to settle the obligation is recognised at present value. When a provision is measured at present value, the unwinding of the discount is recognised as a finance cost in or in the period in which it arises.
Employee benefits: The costs of short-term employee benefits are recognised as a liability and an expense, unless those costs are required to be recognised as part of the cost of stock or fixed assets. Such benefits include paid annual leave and paid sick leave; profit-sharing and bonuses; and non-monetary benefits such as medical care, housing, cars and free or subsidised goods or services for current employees.The cost of any unused holiday entitlement is recognised in the period in which the employee’s services are received. Termination benefits are recognised immediately as an expense when the company is demonstrably committed to terminate the employment of an employee or to provide termination benefits. The company operates an employee share ownership plan (ESOP) trust and has de facto control of theshares held by the trust and bears their benefits and risks. The company records assets and liabilities of the trust as its own. Consideration paid by the ESOP scheme for shares of the company is deducted from equity. Finance costs and administrative expenses incurred by the company in relation to the ESOP are recognised on an accruals basis.
Retirement benefits: Payments to defined contribution retirement benefit schemes are charged as an expense as they fall due. When contributions are not expected to be settled wholly within 12 months after the end of the reporting period in which the employees render the related service, the liability recognised is measured at the present value of the contributions payable.
The cost of providing benefits under defined benefit plans is determined separately for each plan, and is based on actuarial advice. Amounts paid in the period are recognised in profit and loss after adjusting for outstanding contributions payable, including the funding of any deficit. When contributions are not expected to be settled wholly within 12 months after the end of the reporting period in which the employees render the related service, the liability recognised is measured at the present value of the contributions payable. The unwinding of the related discount is recognised as an interest expense in profit or loss in the period in which it arises.
Share-based payments: For cash-settled share-based payments, a liability is recognised for the goods and services acquired, measured initially at the fair value of the liability. At the balance sheet date until the liability is settled, and at the date of settlement, the fair value of the liability is remeasured, with any changes in fair value recognised in profit or loss for the year.
The company does not account for equity-settled share-based payments transactions until shares are issued, at which point the equity instruments are measured at the fair value of the cash or other resources received or receivable, net of direct costs of issuing the equity instruments.
Leases: Leases are classified as finance leases whenever the terms of the lease transfer substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership to the lessees. All other leases are classified as operating leases. Assets held under finance leases are recognised as assets at the lower of the assets fair value at the date of inception and the present value of the minimum lease payments. The related liability is included in the balance sheet as a finance lease obligation. Lease payments are treated as consisting of capital and interest elements. The interest is charged to the profit and loss account so as to produce a constant periodic rate of interest on the remaining balance of the liability.
Rentals payable under operating leases, including any lease incentives received, are charged to income on a straight line basis over the term of the relevant lease except where another more systematic basis is more representative of the time pattern in which economic benefits from the lease asset are consumed. Rental income from operating leases is recognised on a straight line basis over the term of the relevant lease. Initial direct costs incurred in negotiating and arranging an operating lease are added to the carrying amount of the leased asset and recognised on a straight line basis over the lease term.
Government grants: Government grants are recognised at the fair value of the asset received or receivable when there is reasonable assurance that the grant conditions will be met and the grants will be received. Government grants relating to turnover are recognised as income over the periods when the related costs are incurred. Grants relating to an asset are recognised in income systematically over the asset's expected useful life. If part of such a grant is deferred it is recognised as deferred income rather than being deducted from the asset's carrying amount.
Foreign exchange
Transactions in currencies other than euros are recorded at the rates of exchange prevailing at the dates of the transactions. At each reporting end date, monetary assets and liabilities that are denominated in foreign currencies are retranslated at the rates prevailing on the reporting end date. Gains and losses arising on translation are included in the profit and loss account for the period.